9月(yue)1日，李克強主持召開(kai)國務(wu)院常務(wu)會議，通過(guo)《中華人民(min)共和國農產品質(zhi)量安全法（修訂草案）》。
農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量事關人民(min)群眾身體(ti)健(jian)康。會議通過《中華人民(min)共和國農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量安全(quan)(quan)法(fa)（修訂草(cao)(cao)案）》。草(cao)(cao)案全(quan)(quan)面落(luo)實食品(pin)(pin)(pin)藥品(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)(quan)“四個最嚴”要求，進一步(bu)加強農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營全(quan)(quan)過程管控。明確(que)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者(zhe)主體(ti)責(ze)(ze)任、地方政府屬(shu)地責(ze)(ze)任和相關部門監管責(ze)(ze)任。建(jian)立食用農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量安全(quan)(quan)追(zhui)溯制度。完善(shan)監督(du)措(cuo)施，強化問責(ze)(ze)執(zhi)法(fa)，大幅提(ti)高對違法(fa)違規行為(wei)的(de)懲處力度。會議決定將草(cao)(cao)案提(ti)請全(quan)(quan)國人大常委會審議。 修(xiu)訂(ding)草(cao)案(an)明確建立農(nong)產品(pin)質量安(an)全全程追(zhui)溯(su)制度，擬對(dui)高風(feng)險農(nong)產品(pin)實(shi)施強制性追(zhui)溯(su)。據悉，現行(xing)《農(nong)產品(pin)質量安(an)全法》2006年(nian)頒布實(shi)施，共分為八章五十(shi)六條(tiao)。修(xiu)訂(ding)后(hou)的《農(nong)產品(pin)質量安(an)全法》擬增(zeng)加至八章八十(shi)四條(tiao)。其(qi)中，修(xiu)訂(ding)四十(shi)五條(tiao)，新增(zeng)三十(shi)條(tiao)，保留原法九條(tiao)。 監管對(dui)象(xiang)實現全(quan)覆蓋 修(xiu)訂(ding)草案(an)將個(ge)(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶、家庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場等(deng)納(na)入法律調整范圍(wei)，由原來只(zhi)管企業(ye)和合作社，擴大(da)到(dao)覆蓋所(suo)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)生產經營主體(ti)(ti)。現(xian)行(xing)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)質量安(an)全法》的違(wei)法責任中(zhong)并(bing)無對個(ge)(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶和家庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場等(deng)生產經營者的處罰規定(ding)。實踐中(zhong)，對于一些個(ge)(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)違(wei)法行(xing)為，大(da)多依據《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥管理條(tiao)(tiao)例》、《國務院關于加強(qiang)食品(pin)等(deng)產品(pin)安(an)全監督(du)管理的特別規定(ding)》等(deng)法規執行(xing)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村部指出，有必要在(zai)法律中(zhong)明(ming)確將個(ge)(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶、家庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場等(deng)納(na)入監管范圍(wei)。此(ci)外，針(zhen)對《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)質量安(an)全法》適用范圍(wei)不(bu)明(ming)確的問題，修(xiu)訂(ding)草案(an)在(zai)第三條(tiao)(tiao)對監管范圍(wei)進行(xing)了明(ming)確規定(ding)。 修訂草案參照《食(shi)品安(an)全(quan)法》的(de)法律責任條款，提高(gao)罰款金額(e)，增(zeng)加行政(zheng)拘留等(deng)處(chu)罰方式，強(qiang)化與刑事(shi)司法銜接，提高(gao)違法成本。 現行《農產品(pin)質量(liang)安全法(fa)》所設(she)定的(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)(chu)罰(fa)額(e)(e)度大多為(wei)2000元(yuan)以上(shang)20000元(yuan)以下(xia)，且沒(mei)有與違(wei)法(fa)所得掛鉤，違(wei)法(fa)成本較(jiao)低。修訂草案(an)按照“最嚴(yan)厲(li)的(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)(chu)罰(fa)”要求，整(zheng)體(ti)提高(gao)了各類違(wei)法(fa)行為(wei)的(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)(chu)罰(fa)額(e)(e)度。同(tong)時考慮(lv)到農產品(pin)生(sheng)產經營主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)的(de)(de)差異性，對(dui)規(gui)模(mo)以上(shang)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)和(he)個體(ti)農戶(hu)的(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)(chu)罰(fa)力度進行了一(yi)定的(de)(de)區(qu)分，設(she)置不同(tong)的(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)(chu)罰(fa)幅度。另外(wai)，也充分考慮(lv)與近年修訂的(de)(de)有關法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui)所設(she)置的(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)(chu)罰(fa)額(e)(e)度保持一(yi)致。對(dui)情(qing)節嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)違(wei)法(fa)犯罪行為(wei)，采取行政拘留、移送(song)公安等處(chu)(chu)(chu)罰(fa)措施。 農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)是農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)載體，是實施“從田(tian)間到餐桌”的(de)全(quan)過程(cheng)質量(liang)控制(zhi)的(de)重要環(huan)節。農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)的(de)土壤、農(nong)(nong)用水容易受(shou)到農(nong)(nong)業(ye)投入(ru)(ru)品(pin)、工業(ye)排(pai)放等污(wu)染(ran)，一旦污(wu)染(ran)物進入(ru)(ru)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)境，就很難(nan)消除，會在土壤中富集，并隨(sui)農(nong)(nong)作物根系進入(ru)(ru)植株，危害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)安(an)全(quan)，最終影(ying)響人體健康(kang)和生(sheng)命安(an)全(quan)。2006年出(chu)臺的(de)《農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理辦(ban)法》規定(ding)，縣級以上(shang)人民政府農(nong)(nong)業(ye)行政管(guan)理部門應當建立健全(quan)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)安(an)全(quan)監(jian)測(ce)管(guan)理制(zhi)度(du)，加強農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)安(an)全(quan)調查、監(jian)測(ce)和評價工作。 為進一步加強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環境保護，從源頭上(shang)保障農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，修訂草案將(jiang)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)監測制度上(shang)升為法律規定(ding)(ding)，并將(jiang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)與農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)的協(xie)同監測結(jie)果，作為特定(ding)(ding)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)禁止生產(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)域劃定(ding)(ding)的重(zhong)要(yao)依據。 修訂(ding)草案還規定，建立(li)農業投(tou)入(ru)品(pin)(pin)追(zhui)溯制(zhi)度，鼓(gu)勵研(yan)發推廣使(shi)用低(di)(di)毒低(di)(di)殘(can)留農藥獸藥，科學指導農業投(tou)入(ru)品(pin)(pin)減量使(shi)用技術。利用信息化手段(duan)，實(shi)施電子追(zhui)溯碼(ma)標(biao)識制(zhi)度，形成功能完(wan)善、信息準確、實(shi)時在(zai)線的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)入(ru)品(pin)(pin)查詢和追(zhui)溯管理系統，可以有效解決投(tou)入(ru)品(pin)(pin)“從(cong)哪里來，到哪里去”的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)，更好地對可能存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)違法行為進(jin)行精準打擊，確保投(tou)入(ru)品(pin)(pin)和農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)質量安全。 此外，修訂(ding)草案(an)將引(yin)導(dao)、推廣農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品標準化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)實(shi)施主體(ti)擴(kuo)大(da)到縣(xian)級(ji)以上人民政府，以更好鼓勵引(yin)導(dao)各類生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經營主體(ti)推進農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品標準化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)。 2001年，原(yuan)農業(ye)部啟(qi)動(dong)“無(wu)(wu)公害食(shi)品(pin)行(xing)動(dong)計劃”，全面(mian)推進農產(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)安(an)(an)全監管工(gong)作(zuo)。無(wu)(wu)公害農產(chan)品(pin)認證(zheng)作(zuo)為實施(shi)“無(wu)(wu)公害食(shi)品(pin)行(xing)動(dong)計劃”的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)措施(shi)，在推進規(gui)模主體標準(zhun)化生產(chan)、保障農產(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)安(an)(an)全方(fang)面(mian)發揮了重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用，并寫入現行(xing)《農產(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)安(an)(an)全法》。隨著我國農業(ye)農村經濟(ji)轉(zhuan)向(xiang)高質量(liang)發展(zhan)階段，同時《食(shi)品(pin)安(an)(an)全法》對食(shi)品(pin)安(an)(an)全標準(zhun)作(zuo)出新的(de)規(gui)定，繼續開展(zhan)無(wu)(wu)公害農產(chan)品(pin)認證(zheng)已不符合新時期農產(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)安(an)(an)全工(gong)作(zuo)新要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。因此，修訂草案刪除原(yuan)法第三十二(er)條中關(guan)于無(wu)(wu)公害農產(chan)品(pin)標志的(de)有(you)關(guan)表述(shu)。 食(shi)用(yong)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)合格(ge)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是指食(shi)用(yong)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營(ying)(ying)者對(dui)所生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營(ying)(ying)食(shi)用(yong)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)自(zi)行(xing)開(kai)具的(de)(de)質量安全合格(ge)標識。食(shi)用(yong)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)合格(ge)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)理是在目前兩段制監管(guan)體制下連(lian)接生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)與銷售(shou)的(de)(de)有效管(guan)理方式，2016年(nian)，原農(nong)業(ye)部在河(he)北、黑(hei)龍江、浙江、山東、湖南、陜西(xi)等6省開(kai)展主要食(shi)用(yong)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)合格(ge)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)理試(shi)點，取得(de)了(le)積極進(jin)展。但是從試(shi)點經驗看，由(you)于(yu)缺(que)乏上位法(fa)依(yi)據，全面推(tui)進(jin)合格(ge)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)制度存在一定的(de)(de)障礙(ai)。農(nong)業(ye)農(nong)村部提出(chu)，需要在法(fa)律(lv)層面明確(que)食(shi)用(yong)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)合格(ge)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)法(fa)律(lv)地位。 農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量安全追(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)體系建(jian)設是加強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量安全監管(guan)的重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)抓(zhua)手(shou)。目前農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)追(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)管(guan)理總體上仍處于起步階段，各(ge)地(di)追(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)試點相(xiang)對分散，追(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)內(nei)容和要(yao)(yao)求各(ge)式(shi)各(ge)樣(yang)，追(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)信息不能(neng)共享，難(nan)以發揮出應有(you)的作(zuo)用(yong)。另(ling)外，農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)品(pin)種豐富、流通量大，產(chan)(chan)加銷鏈條長、環節多，現行(xing)分段管(guan)理模式(shi)下，各(ge)部(bu)門很(hen)難(nan)做到(dao)質量追(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)無縫銜接。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)有(you)必要(yao)(yao)與市場監管(guan)部(bu)門建(jian)立全程追(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)協(xie)作(zuo)機制。同(tong)時，從發達國(guo)家(jia)經(jing)驗看，并不是對所有(you)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)都實(shi)行(xing)追(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)管(guan)理，而大多選取風(feng)險(xian)隱患高(gao)的產(chan)(chan)品(pin)開展追(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，修訂草(cao)案明確建(jian)立農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量安全全程追(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)制度(du)，對高(gao)風(feng)險(xian)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)實(shi)施強(qiang)制性追(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)。 為(wei)賦(fu)予社(she)會(hui)各界對(dui)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全的(de)監(jian)督(du)權利，體現(xian)社(she)會(hui)共治的(de)理念，修(xiu)訂(ding)(ding)草案進一步完(wan)善了投訴舉報(bao)制(zhi)度，并將(jiang)現(xian)行《農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全法》中有(you)關(guan)檢舉、揭發(fa)和(he)控(kong)告等用(yong)詞(ci)統一改為(wei)投訴舉報(bao)。同時(shi)，修(xiu)訂(ding)(ding)草案增(zeng)加(jia)了信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)管理制(zhi)度。修(xiu)訂(ding)(ding)草案要求縣級以上人民(min)政府農(nong)業(ye)農(nong)村(cun)、市(shi)場(chang)監(jian)督(du)管理等部門(men)應(ying)當(dang)加(jia)強農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)體系建設，建立農(nong)業(ye)投入品(pin)和(he)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)主體信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)記錄，實施農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全守信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)聯合激(ji)勵和(he)失(shi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)聯合懲戒，推進農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息的(de)應(ying)用(yong)和(he)管理。 推行(xing)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品分(fen)等分(fen)級(ji)(ji)，鼓勵發(fa)展安全優質綠色農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品公共品牌。修訂草案新增了相(xiang)應條款，規定國(guo)家鼓勵行(xing)業協會、企業等主體及地(di)方農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村等部門制定農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品品質標準(zhun)，推行(xing)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品分(fen)等分(fen)級(ji)(ji)。 現(xian)行(xing)《農(nong)產品質量安全(quan)法》對加強農(nong)產品基地建(jian)設已作出規定。但是，隨著(zhu)我(wo)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)由高速增長(chang)階(jie)段(duan)轉變為(wei)高質量發(fa)展的新階(jie)段(duan)，農(nong)業農(nong)村(cun)形(xing)勢(shi)也發(fa)生了很大(da)變化(hua)，廣大(da)人(ren)民群眾對安全(quan)綠(lv)色(se)優質農(nong)產品的需求越(yue)來越(yue)大(da)。為(wei)此，修訂草案在關于(yu)基地建(jian)設的法條(tiao)中進行(xing)修改，刪去不適(shi)宜的表(biao)述，明確提出加強綠(lv)色(se)食品生產基地等的建(jian)設，提高綠(lv)色(se)優質農(nong)產品生產能力。
more